Chemical hazard communication, also known as chemical labeling and hazard communication, is a system used to communicate information about the hazards associated with chemical substances and mixtures. The purpose of chemical hazard communication is to ensure the safe handling, use, storage, and transportation of chemicals and to provide relevant information to protect human health and the environment.

There are several key elements and components of chemical hazard communication:

1. Chemical Labels: Chemical labels are used to convey important information about the hazards of a chemical product. Labels typically include the product name, supplier information, pictograms, signal words (such as “Danger” or “Warning”), hazard statements, precautionary statements, and other relevant information. Labels provide immediate visual recognition of the hazards associated with the chemical and instructions for safe handling.
2. Safety Data Sheets (SDS): Safety Data Sheets, formerly known as Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), provide detailed information about the hazards, composition, handling, storage, and emergency procedures for a chemical substance or mixture. SDSs typically include information on physical and chemical properties, health hazards, handling precautions, first aid measures, and disposal considerations. SDSs serve as comprehensive reference documents that provide in-depth information for safe use and emergency response.
3. Hazard Classification: Chemical hazard classification involves determining the potential hazards of a substance or mixture based on its intrinsic properties. Classification considers factors such as acute toxicity, skin and eye irritation, flammability, corrosiveness, environmental hazards, and sensitization potential. The classification process helps to identify the appropriate hazard communication elements, such as labeling requirements and precautionary measures.
4. Globally Harmonized System (GHS): The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) is an internationally recognized framework for chemical hazard communication. The GHS provides a standardized approach to classifying chemicals, labeling requirements, and SDS formatting. It harmonizes hazard communication elements across different countries and facilitates the global trade of chemicals while enhancing safety.
5. Pictograms and Symbols: Pictograms and symbols are graphical representations used on chemical labels to provide a quick visual indication of the hazards associated with a chemical substance or mixture. Pictograms are standardized and represent specific hazard categories, such as flammable, corrosive, toxic, or environmental hazards. The use of pictograms helps to enhance hazard recognition and promote consistent understanding across different languages and cultures.
6. Training and Education: Effective chemical hazard communication includes training and education programs for workers, consumers, and other stakeholders who may come into contact with hazardous chemicals. Training programs provide information on the safe handling, storage, and use of chemicals, as well as emergency response procedures. Education initiatives aim to increase awareness and understanding of chemical hazards, promote responsible practices, and empower individuals to make informed decisions.
7. Regulatory Compliance: Chemical hazard communication is regulated by various national and international agencies and organizations. Regulatory frameworks, such as the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) in the United States and the European Union’s Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation, outline the requirements for chemical labeling, SDS content, and hazard communication practices. Compliance with these regulations is essential to ensure the effective communication of chemical hazards.

Chemical hazard communication is crucial for promoting the safe handling, use, and transportation of chemicals. By providing clear and standardized information about chemical hazards, it helps to prevent accidents, protect workers, minimize environmental impact, and support responsible chemical management throughout the lifecycle of a substance or mixture.